Nouns

HISTORY OF JOURNALISM

Task 5. Read Me

There could be no media today if there be no history at all. To

understand Philippine journalism, one has to look at the light of the history.         

Read the text about the History of Journalism in the Philippines.

History of Philippine Journalism –A Timeline

by Estormeo Gomez Serena

Spanish Period

(1521-1900)

Journalism can be associated with the Doctrina Cristiana which was reportedly published in the 17^th century. It was the first book to be printed in the country (Castro,1990). It was done by the Chinese craftsmen under the direct supervision of the friars. But the first newspaper in the Philippines was the SuccesosFelices, someSucesos or Sucessos which means “Happy Events”, a 14-page newsletter by Tomas Pinpin, a Filipino printer, in 1637.

On the other hand, Del Superior Goviernocame out on August 8, 1811 with more regularity than its predecessors. It was considered by many historians that it was the first Philippine newspaper because this had kept the peninsulars informed about the events and the happenings in the Spanish Cortes and the was between Spain and France and on local events. It folded up also after publishing 15 issues.

Magazines journalism also took place in the Philippines when Royal Economic Society of the Friends of the Country published RegistroMercantil de Manila on January 20, 1824.

If Del Superior Govierno acquired the title as the first newspaper, La Esperanza (Hope) by Felipe Lacorte and Evaristo Calderon got the title as first daily newspaper which appeared on December 1, 1846 and lasted only for three years.

Revolutionary Press

            A slight moment in the history of the Philippines in journalism was the rise of the revolutionary press in the latter part of Spanish rule and the early part of the American period, approximately 1890-1905 (Maslog, 1990).

           

            La Solidaridad “The Solidarity” by the first editor Graciano Lopez Jaena and the contributors who became the revolutionary heroes of 1896 like Dr.  Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, and Mariano Ponce which first came out on February 19, 1989. It was published in Spain in Spanish

The paper was banned by the Spanish authorities in the Philippines but it was smuggled into the country and found its way into Filipino homes (Maslog, 1990).

Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal y Alonzo Realonda wrote Noli Me Tangere, 1887; and El Filibusterismo, 1891. The two common revolutionary papers of Rizal caught the attention of the Spanish government to execute him in Bagumbayan, now Rizal Park, on December 30, 1896.

           

American Period

(1900-1946) 

In this time, Thomas Gowan, an Englishman, established the first English language daily. This was the first Manila Times in the Philippines existed only 32 years until Alejandro Roces, Sr. As the newspaper chain owner bought the paper in 1927. But Roces dissolved Times in 1930 because he saw no need for two English papers.

Manila Bulletin, the oldest existing newspaper in the Philippines started in 1990 founded by Carson Taylor, an American that widened its scope to include the news of general interest recruiting staff members from among pupils of Thomasites. Judge Kincaid and Mccullough Dick published the “Philippine Free Press” in 1908.

           

Philippines Herald, a pro-Filipino newspaper was published through the initiative of Manuel L. Quezon, who latter became the President of the Philippines.

            It was not just in print media but also in radio and television. The two media came to the Philippines by way of the United States.

            The first Philippine radio stations were set up by an American, Henry Hermann, in June 1922. He put up three 50-watt radio stations in Manila and in the neighboring city of Pasay (Maslog, 1990).

Post-War Period

(1946-1972)

Manila Chronicles sprang up right after the war.  This paper was put up by a group of pre-war newspaper-men in 1945 and was sold few years later to Eugenio Lopez, formerly the CEO of one of the largest TV networks in the country.

Pre-Martial Law Period    

           

By 1968, there were four giant multi-media combines and networks: ABS-CBN (Bolinao Electronics Corporation, Chronicle Broadcasting, Monserrat Broadcasting) which has 20 stations in: Manila (6) and in Bacolod, Baguio, Cagayan de Oro Cebu, Cotabato, Dagupan Davao, Iligan, Iloilo, Laoag, Legazpi, Lucena, Naga and Zamboanga (Ofreneo, 1986).

ABC (Associated Broadcasting Corporation):5 stations in: Manila (3), and in provinces of Dagupan and Davao.

RMN (Radio Mindanao Network) also give significance to the country with (8) in: Manila, and in provinces of Baguio, Butuan, Cebu, Davao, Iligan and (2) in Cagayan de Oro.

MBC (Metropolitan Broadcasting Corporation)  with two stations in Manilia and in provinces of Cebu, Dagupan, Laoag, Legazpi, Roxas and Tacloban.

The big four radio stations helped in the dissemination of information

before the Martial Law.

Martial Law Period

(1972-1986)
(You can show the video to your student https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q86MWGuP87E)

           

It was declared on September 21, 1972. The following day, President Ferdinand E. Marcos issued Letter of Instruction No. 1 ordering the Press Secretary and the Defense Secretary “to take over and control the taking over and control of the mass media for the duration of the national emergency, or until otherwise ordered by the President or his duly designated representative.” (Ofreneo, 1986).

           

Some radio stations were closed and under the armed forces of the government under the Proclamation No. 1081. The heads of the big multi-media and print companies were imprisoned. However, there were people who fought for the freedom of the people and freedom of the press.

Radio Veritas and EDSA

In an article written by Isabel L. Templo, “This is Cardinal Sin speaking to the people of Metro Manila…. I am calling our people to support our two good friends at the camp. If any of you could be around at Camp Aguinaldo to show your solidarity and your support in this very crucial period when our two good friends have shown their idealism, I would be very happy…. Please come….”

For many Filipinos, this message from the late Jaime Cardinal Sin, the archbishop of Manila, spoken over Church-owned Radio Veritas on February 22, 1986, was what started the People Power Revolution. Those who heard this call responded by going to EDSA (Epifanio de los Santos Avenue) or the Highway 54 and forming a human barricade between Camp Crame and Camp Aguinaldo that swelled to hundreds of thousands. It was a show of force and will in a moment of truth for a nation that wanted freedom from the 20-year rule of then President Ferdinand E. Marcos.

Sin’s “two good friends” were Fidel V. Ramos and Juan Ponce Enrile—Vice-Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces and Minister of National Defense, respectively—who had held a press conference earlier that day to announce what many Filipinos had suspected all along: that Marcos had not won in the February 7 snap elections. The two officials declared they no longer recognized the Marcos government and called on other ministers and military officers to align with them.

Former Bandila news anchor Henry Omaga Diaz was a Radio Veritas reporter in the 1980s, and one of only a handful of local reporters at the press conference. His reporter’s instinct told him this would be big. “Pag dating pa lang namin (As soon as we got there), somehow, I got the feeling that this (was) the end for Marcos,” Diaz recalls. “(I) had this feeling na ito na iyon (this was it).”

The existence of Catholic radio in the Philippines is not surprising, given the population profile. Some 61.8 million out of 76.3 million Filipinos—about 81 per cent —are Roman Catholic, according to the 2000 Philippine Census. This was even higher during the 1986 EDSA Revolution; Catholics comprised 50.2 million (around 83 per cent) of 60.5 million Filipinos (National Statistics Office, 1990).

Catholic radio programming includes Bible readings, discussions about Church teachings and live coverage of mass. But Catholic radio also reports political developments. During the EDSA Revolution, Church-owned Radio Veritas—and later, the clandestine radio station “RadyoBandido” (“Outlaw Radio”)— played a pivotal role as an effective and reliable source of news and information. According to We Forum: “Only Radio Veritas was carrying a blow-by-blow account of the unfolding siege.”

Even when Marcos’ forces destroyed the station’s P40-million transmitter, the broadcasts continued on Radyo Bandido. Not only reports, but appeals for food and provisions and urgent calls for people to block approaching tanks were aired on the radio. Ramos said it was “the first time in military history that private broadcast media were used to transmit or relay military orders or directives to military units in the field” (Santiago, 1995). Fr. James B. Reuter, SJ (1989), head of the Catholic Church’s National Office of Mass Media (NOMM), called the EDSA Revolution “the first in the history of the world to be ‘run’ by radio” (as cited by the Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation [RMAF], 1989)—not state-owned or even commercial radio, but Catholic radio.” It was arguably Catholic radio’s finest hour.

And yet, Radio Veritas was not a popular radio station prior to EDSA . Of the 28 AM stations in Metro Manila in 1983, which had an average listenership of 15 percent, the station’s audience share was only 0.2 percent. But with the station’s coverage of the assassination of former senator Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino on August 21, 1983 more people started to tune in. Radio Veritas’ audience share increased to nine percent in September that year, to make it the fifth most listened-to of all radio stations, including FM, in Metro Manila (Han, 1984).

Gaining confidence

Before the four days of EDSA, Radio Veritas had been steadily gaining the confidence of the people by reporting what state-controlled media could not. After all, veritas means truth, and that is what Radio Veritas was committed to broadcast.

In 1983, when rumors of Aquino’s return to the Philippines started circulating, Radio Veritas called him for a live long-distance interview. Upon his arrival on August 21, Radio Veritas reporters were stationed at the Manila International Airport. Minutes after Aquino was shot, they were calling in the news from pay phones. Government-run media did not report the assassination until hours later (RMAF, 1986). Radio Veritas was also the only station that covered live Aquino’s funeral procession, which was attended by millions (Maslog, 1998).

In a survey by Casal, Centurion, and Gomez (1988) as stated by Templo, found that the public perceived Radio Veritas’ role in the Edsa Revolution as consistent with the station’s mission as a Church institution, promoting the gospel values of truth, justice, freedom, and unity. The station did more than merely document events; it participated in them. And it gave representatives from the Church, the opposition, the “rebel” forces, and other sectors—all of whom would have had no outlet otherwise—the opportunity to speak. It made its listeners aware of their rights as well as their responsibilities even as it advocated nonviolence and peace.

Radio Veritas’ role in the Edsa Revolution did not go unnoticed. Among its many commendations were a citation from then President Aquino, and the Catholic Mass Media Award for Public Service. And in “using truth to depose an oppressive and corrupt regime and restore Filipino faith in the electoral process,” the station received the 1986 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts. For helping the Philippines regain its freedom, the Church-owned radio station named for the truth had sealed its place in history.

News is censored in an authoritarian society, rumors and gossips were proliferated because people starved from information. During this time, there were no media acting as “watchdog” of the government’s abuse, graft and corruption. Moreover, government tries to hide the truth and succeeded at first but in a long run, the truth comes out from other sources.

Modern Period

For many years, media give voice to many generations. With the advent of the technology, like cellular phone, radio, telephone, photocopying machine and the like, people nowadays demand the truth but nothing but the truth.

The use of technology gives all citizens of the country as citizen journalists. They act as journalists who take care of the society.

Online journalism is famous nowadays. Bloggers, online writers, and other online journalists are now taking part in social responsibility.

The evolution of journalism in the Philippines from Spanish Period up to this Modern Period shows how journalism gives value to information and democracy.

SOURCE: Quarter-1-Lesson-1-History-of-Journalism-Estormeo-Serena-EDITED

REPOST: SSP II-1 and SSP II-2 Courtesy Call

We owe this equation to a scientist in whom the world of industrialization has begun. Please give your own perception/comments about the picture or what comes out to your mind every time you encounter this equation. Put them into writing in a 1/8 sheet of paper. P.S. Don't forget to leave comments also. Thank you.

note: This will serve as your admit slip. No admit slip, NO ENTRY

The Newstory

Read the following news story and answer the questions. Write your answer in a ½ crosswise.

Nowhere to Go but Up
By Walt Walton

The Paper
Waters men's basketball coach Audrey Hatfield will have a good idea of what she is up against
this season after the first two road games that kick off the Tens' 2008-09 schedule this weekend
in Mars, Atlantis.
Hatfield faces the daunting task of turning around a team that has finished in last place for the
past four seasons. Its best player is still struggling to make a comeback from knee surgery.
The Tens take on the Venus Nines today in Mars before heading to Jupiter to play the Rings on
Sunday. The Nines began the season by defeating the Moons 80 -68 last weekend.
Although it is still early in the season, Hatfield says the games are important because they are
against two winning teams.
"These games will give us a good idea as to where we stand," said Hatfield.
Playing two different teams back-to-back also means a little more work for the coaches and
players in regards to preparation.
"It's obviously tougher because you've got two sets of videotapes to watch and two different
teams to prepare for. You want to know what they do on offence and you want the players to
know. You want to be able to run what you expect to see from them. The Nines, for example,
play a complete half-court, man-to-man. The Rings are going to press us, run some zone against
us and some man," explained Hatfield.
As far as star forward Matty Molloy is concerned. Hatfield said the Mars native and former
scoring champ is going on the road, but he's not sure how many minutes he'll get.
"Right now, he's working on making the starting lineup," said Hatfield.

1. Who is this story about? ____________________________________________________
2. What is the story about? ____________________________________________________
3. Where does this story take place? ___________________________________________
4. When does this story take place? _____________________________________________
5. Why is this story taking place? _____________________________________________
6. How did this story come about?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7. What section of the newspaper would this story be found in? ______________________
8. Who do you think would be interested in reading this story? Why?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9. What background knowledge would the reader need to understand this story? _________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Bohol Escapade

Visiting Bohol is one of my dreams that came true. The fact that I am readily occupied with a lot of circumstances in my work at school, family and friends, I still manage to gig on a vacation for the 2010 summer. With the invitation of my dear friend, Ricky and his family, I grab the opportunity.

Due to excitement, I almost forget preparing my bag for a 4-day vacation, quite short, but it's worth spent; besides, we happened to book already our flight going home, yet our ship-trip going to Bohol hadn't fixed yet. But later, it was done.

A place like Bohol is captivating---no wonder why thousands of tourists each month thrive in this splendid island. I could never utter any words upon settling on the Tagbilaran port than, "God's so marvelous."

It was very lovely to take pictures of all their cultural and environmental scenery as if I were a photographer. My short moments with the tarsiers in Loboc (knowing I have relatives here) were very fascinating. I could never imagine how small they are! I love them! I mean, I love their serenity and peacefulness. "Sana, ganun ang mga tao. Quite lang to achieve peace of mind."

The Chocolate Hills are very superb in nature. I could still reminisce in elementary where we only view the scenery on post cards, but now, I'm on top of it. It was a joyful day of my life as we drove it 80 kilometers from Talibon where we borrowed our motorcycle for the pooling.

Truly marvelous, their beaches are white in shades complemented beneath the waves in blue green hues of the seashores of Panglaw.

Breathing deeply on the deep and dark cave of Hinagdanan together with the hundreds of tourists in---Oh, still another God's manifestation of power.

Even going home was a thrilling experience---hehehe, I could never forget as we drove the motorcycle for 95 kilometers to reach back Talibon as we will catch our flight in Cebu to Dipolog the next day.

Indeed, the wonders of God is a spectacle. Someday I am going back to Bohol with my family.

A Biographical Approach Criticism of ALICE’S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND

LA SALLE UNIVERSITY
School of Continuing Studies
Ozamiz City



A Biographical Approach Criticism

of

ALICE’S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND
by Charles Lutwidge Dodgson a.k.a Lewis Carroll

by

RANIE LIVERO O. VILLAMIN
M. Ed., English


is submitted to


ELSIE L. DAJAO
M. A. English



Literary Criticism
March 7, 2010
2nd Semester, S.Y. 2009-2010

ALICE’S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND
By Charles Lutwidge Dodgson a.k.a Lewis Carroll

I. Background of the Study

Literary criticism plays many roles in the aspect of human dilemma. Why dilemma? It is because human life is full of mystery and enchantment. There are still many things out there which are not yet found by many experts. This study is purposively done in order to find the truth about the wonders of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Obviously, the story has splendid with a lot of imaginative figures, including characters, setting and plot(s). But with regard to the mystery of humanity, this undertaking is done in order to answer such mysteries.

On July 4, 1862, Charles Lutwidge Dodgson known by his penname Lewis Carroll wrote in his diary that he had taken a river expedition to Godstow with three Liddell girls, children of the Dean of Christ Church, and friend Duckworth. During that journey, Alice, one of the children, asked, “Tell us a story, please.” Therefore, he did. Then she asked him to write it. He did. Alice in Wonderland was born, first as Alice’s Adventures Under Ground, and then Alice’s Hour in Elfland. As he wrote it, Carroll said he added “many fresh ideas, which seemed to grow of themselves upon the original stock; and many more added themselves when years afterwards, I wrote it all over again for publication.” In 1864, he called it Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and he asked John Tenniel to illustrate it.

The significance of this study is to give contribution to the fund of knowledge. Most likely, this will be a source of improvement to other related works. Furthermore, this will give extension to the in-depth study of certain mysteries of human life.

II. Summary

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland tells the story of Alice, a young girl who follows the White Rabbit down a rabbit hole. At the bottom, she finds herself in a room with a tiny door and a bottle labeled "drink me." She grows and shrinks depending on what she eats and drinks, and as a small version of herself, finds herself swimming in a pool of tears. Swimming to shore, Alice and some other creatures decide that "'the best thing to get us dry would be a Caucus-race'".
Alice continues to chase the White Rabbit and the White Rabbit sends her into his house for his fan and gloves. Once in the house, Alice gets into more trouble with an unlabeled bottle, quickly growing too big to move. The White Rabbit and Bill the Lizard try to get her out, and Alice only escapes by eating some small cakes. She runs into the woods and meets a hookah-smoking Caterpillar, who gives her some advice on ways to grow bigger and smaller. Next, she stops at the house of the Duchess with a pig for a baby; the pig escapes, and Alice asks the Cheshire Cat for help. Directed on to the March Hare's house, Alice takes part in the Mad Tea Party, perhaps the most famous scene in the book. Alice moves on to the Queen's croquet ground, where she encounters the Queen of Hearts and tries to play croquet with a flamingo and a hedgehog. Next, Alice encounters a Mock Turtle and a Gryphon, who tell her the story of the lobster quadrille.

The book closes with a trial on the case of the stolen tarts, as the Queen accuses the Knave of Hearts. Alice is accused also, and she scatters the attacking cards, only to find herself awake on the river bank where the book began.




III. Analysis/Evaluation/Interpretation

The novel opens with a bored and sleepy Alice sitting with her sister on the riverbank on a hot day. Suddenly she notices a white rabbit with pink eyes run close by her. She hears him say “Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be too late!” as he pulls a watch out of his waistcoat pocket. He scurries down a rabbit hole under a hedge. Alice follows him and falls into Wonderland.

Carroll immediately situates readers in Wonderland’s setting. As Alice tumbles down, down, down, she sees cupboards and bookshelves, maps, and pictures hung on pegs. She thinks the fall may never end. Then she plops, without a scratch, onto a pile of sticks and dry leaves. She follows the White Rabbit as he hurries down a long passage, and the tale’s magic unfolds.

Although Wonderland is a place where anything can happen, the events are nonetheless grounded in a realistic setting. Familiar things make the story believable: a three-legged glass table, a tiny golden key, locked doors, and “the loveliest garden you ever saw.” To further ground the story in reality, Carroll develops his tale using events typical of 19th-century England. For example, a tea party with the Mad Hatter, a game of croquet at the Queen’s court, and a court of justice trial where Alice sees a justice’s “great wig,” effectively define and highlight the era.

Yet, Carroll’s unique presentation delights and entertains. For example, longing to enter the garden of flowers and cool fountains, Alice discovers a magical potion that says “DRINK ME.” After confirming the bottle does not say, “poison,” she drinks it and shrinks to ten inches. Now she can get through the door into the garden.

Carroll’s characters display many of the author’s own characteristics. For example, the White Rabbit’s obsession with losing his gloves parallels Carroll’s own fear of misplacing his gloves. The King of Hearts and his Queen constantly proclaim “off-with-his-head,” and “off-with-her-head,” proclamations that highlight Carroll’s awareness of hierarchy in a humorous way. This lightheartedness may have originated from Carroll’s father, who expressed an exaggerated sense of fun in his letters to Carroll.
In addition, Carroll reflects his personal lifestyle. For example, the story opens on a riverbank, paralleling Carroll’s love of boating. He refers to “these three little sisters—they were learning to draw” presumably referring to the Liddell sisters. Overall, Alice in Wonderland captures the pure and magic imagination of childhood. Carroll creates an atmosphere that makes living through a child’s eyes possible.

Carroll develops Alice, an adventurous girl and the protagonist, as the prominent character. He employs third-person limited point of view as he leads readers through Alice’s experiences. Alice constantly chatters, often to herself, disclosing her thoughts and desires. Carroll uses this technique effectively. Along with meshing fantasy and reality to create a believable Wonderland, he uses such craft and description that none of it seems absurd.

Carroll occasionally allows the voice to become second person so that he can “talk to” readers. For example, he notes that, as Alice fell into Wonderland, she “tried to curtsey as she spoke—fancy curtseying as you’re falling through the air! Do you think you could manage it?” When referring to how the judge wore his crown over a wig, Carroll invites readers to “look at the frontispiece if you want to see how he did it.”

The White Rabbit becomes instrumental in transitioning readers from an ordinary scene on a riverbank to Wonderland. The White Rabbit gets Alice’s attention as he runs by frantically and hops down a rabbit hole. He appears throughout the story, always nervous and anxious about the consequences of not following protocol. From this introduction to the White Rabbit, readers see how Alice’s curiosity can get her into mild trouble, and how she uses her problem solving skills to get out of each fix. Whether it is drinking a potion to make her bigger or to shrink her size, it starts with her curiosity about White Rabbit.
Readers encounter many other creatures—Alice’s cat, Dinah, “the best cat in the world” that Alice refers to often; the March Hare, Hatter, the Gryphon, Cheshire Cat, Caterpillar, and Duchess as well as the King and Queen of Hearts. Each character seems believable, adds entertainment, and develops the conflicts of the story. Each character contains well-defined traits. For example, Caterpillar typifies a reserved, not-very-helpful character. It says, “Who are YOU?” Alice tries to explain, but finds herself a “little irritated at the Caterpillar’s making such VERY short remarks” as they chat. Yet Caterpillar aids her in the journey. He tells her, “One side [of the mushroom] will make you grow taller, and the other side will make you grow shorter.” True to form, Caterpillar disappears before it tells her which side, leaving Alice to acquire the information she needs to continue.

Alice finds compassion in the Duchess. The kindhearted Duchess declares “tis love, that makes the world go round.” She believes in Alice and her wisdom. By contrast, Cheshire Cat challenges Alice to be precise. For example, when Alice asks which way to go, Cheshire Cat replies, “That depends a good deal on where you want to get to.” Moreover, the Cat oddly disappears and appears periodically to find out what Alice is doing and where she is going. As Alice describes it: “Well! I’ve often seen a cat without a grin . . . but a grin without a cat! It’s the most curious thing I ever saw in my life!” This character gives Alice, as she says, “somebody to talk to.”

The author uses parentheses to define and develop Alice’s personality. For example, when Carroll offsets the text: “(Alice had not the slightest idea what Latitude was, or Longitude either, but she thought they were nice grand words to say),” he divulges her thoughts, thus enabling readers to understand her further. Alice, somewhat fearful of authority, matures throughout her novel to confront the King and Queen of Hearts about their absurd actions. For example, as the trial unfolds with Alice’s testimony, she says loudly:
“Stuff and nonsense! The idea of having the sentence first!”
“Hold your tongue!” says the Queen, turning purple.
“I won’t!” says Alice.
“Off with her head!” the Queen shouts at the top of her voice. Nobody moves.
“Who cares for you?” declares Alice, (she had grown to her full size by this time.) “You’re nothing but a pack of cards!”

Readers experience Alice’s transition from not saying what she believes to asserting her truth to the Queen and high court.



IV. Conclusion

The book, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, is very helpful especially to the youth nowadays. Aside from it gives entertainment and joy, it conveys twists of life on any uncertainties. We know that life is uncertain, like the scenes depicted in the book yet very vivid in nature. Any person naturally displays curiosity in many things. It is in mystery that any human being could hardly imagine how beautiful life can be. Like Alice, we live through challenges that will test our best abilities in life. Carroll had done a great job on his timeless tales and stories including this book of Alice.

ICT English

Hi English bloggers! This will give guidance for subject leaders and teachers to: help raise awarenessof how the ICT capability can be applied and developed in English;analyse the opportunities that exist in English for developing and applying students' ICT capability; and consider how ICT can add value to the teaching and learning of English.


Objective: Deduce the meaning of idiomatic expression
Content: Idioms
Materials: PC/internet
Strategy; 4A's

Activity: Click here for an activity.

Analysis: What are the idioms used in the selection?

Abstraction: based on the given activities, what can you say about idioms? how are they used in our day to day conversation?

Application. Click here.

Prepare for a quiz.